Letter (Theme)

Letter (alphabet)

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A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.

Ancient Greek letters on a vase

A letter (also referred to as a bookstaff or bookstave) is an element in an alphabetic system of writing, such as the Greek alphabet and its descendants. Each letter in the written language is usually associated with one phoneme (sound) in the spoken form of the language.

Written signs in other writing systems are best called syllabograms (which denote a syllable) or logograms (which denote a word or phrase).

Contents [show] 1 Overview and usage 1.1 A Classical definition 2 History 3 Types of letters 3.1 Upper and lower case 3.2 Typeface and font 4 Letter frequencies 5 Footnotes 6 See also 7 Sources 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Overview and usage

As symbols that denote segmental speech, letters are associated with phonetics. In a purely phonemicdigraph. Examples of digraphs in English include “ch”, “sh” and “th”. A phoneme can also be represented by three letters, called a trigraph. An example is the combination “sch” in German. alphabet, a single phoneme is denoted by a single letter, but in history and practice letters often denote more than one phoneme. A pair of letters designating a single phoneme is called a

A letter may also be associated with more than one phoneme, with the phoneme depending on the surrounding letters or etymology of the word. As an example of positional effects, the Spanish letter c is pronounced [k] before a, o, or u (e.g. cantar, corto, cuidado), but is pronounced [s] before e or i (e.g. centimo, ciudad).

Letters also have specific names associated with them. These names may differ with language, dialect and history. Z, for example, is usually called zed in all English-speaking countries except the U.S., where it is named zee.

Letters, as elements of alphabets, have prescribed orders. This may generally be known as “alphabetical order” though collation is the science devoted to the complex task of ordering and sorting of letters and words in different languages. In Spanish, for instance, ñ is a separate letter being sorted after n. In English, n and ñ are sorted alike.